One posterior and two anterior intercostal veins occupy each intercostal space. Anteriorly, they drain into the musculophrenic and internal thoracic veins. Posterior venous drainage is more anatomically variable. The first posterior intercostal veins drain into the vertebral vein or the brachiocephalic vein.
What drains the thoracic intercostal muscles?
Intercostal veinsIntercostal spaces, viewed from the left.DetailsDrains fromintercostal muscle, intercostal spaceArteryintercostal arteries
What are the central venous drainage of the thoracic wall?
The venous drainage of the thoracic wall drains deoxygenated venous blood from the periphery of the thoracic cage back into the systemic circulation.
What drains into the accessory Hemiazygos vein?
The accessory hemiazygos vein, also called the superior hemiazygos vein, drains the superior left hemithorax. In a majority of cases there is a small connection to the left superior intercostal vein, and rarely, 1–2% of the time, the accessory hemiazygos vein drains into the brachiocephalic vein [3].Where do intercostal veins come from?
The anterior intercostal veins originate from the intercostal space just inferior to anterior aspects of their respective ribs and drain into the internal thoracic and musculophrenic veins.
Which vessel drains the right side of the thoracic wall?
Blood Supply and Lymphatics The azygos vein is another vein that drains into the superior vena cava. This vein is unpaired. It runs along the right aspect of the thoracic vertebral column and enters into the thorax at the aortic hiatus of the diaphragm.
What do the internal thoracic veins drain?
The internal thoracic venous system drains the ventro-cranial abdominal wall, the ventro-lateral thoracic wall, the diaphragm and part of the mediastinum, conveying the deoxygenated blood from these regions into the CrVC.
What is the pathway of intercostal nerve artery and vein?
Recall that the intercostal trio (vein, artery, and nerve) runs in the costal groove along the superior border of the intercostal space. Additionally, there is an artery and vein traveling along the inferior border of the intercostal space as well.Where is the supreme intercostal vein?
(Highest intercostal labeled, very faintly, written vertically, to the right of the aortic arch.) The supreme intercostal vein (highest intercostal vein) is a paired vein that drains the first intercostal space on its corresponding side. It usually drains into the brachiocephalic vein.
What drains into superior vena cava?Superior vena cavaSourcebrachiocephalic vein, azygos veinDrains toRight atriumIdentifiersLatinvena cava superior, vena maxima
Article first time published onWhat drains blood from the head and neck?
jugular vein, any of several veins of the neck that drain blood from the brain, face, and neck, returning it to the heart via the superior vena cava. The main vessels are the external jugular vein and the interior jugular vein.
What does the Hemiazygos vein drain?
The hemiazygos vein helps to drain the left mediastinum and left lower esophagus. The hemiazygos vein crosses from left to right at approximately the level of T9 and terminates by emptying into the azygos vein.
How is accessory hemiazygos vein formed?
The accessory hemiazygos vein is formed by veins from the fourth to eighth intercostal spaces and sometimes by the left bronchial veins. It descends to the left of the vertebral column before crossing T7, where it joins with the azygos vein.
Where does the brachiocephalic vein drain into?
The left brachiocephalic vein crosses posterior to the manubrium to meet the right brachiocephalic vein to form the superior vena cava, which empties into the right atrium (Osborn et al., 1999; Lasjaunias et al., 2001).
What does the subclavian vein drain?
The primary function of the subclavian vein is to drain deoxygenated blood from the upper region of the body—including the arms and the shoulder areas—and transport it back to the heart. 6 Another important function of the subclavian is to collect lymph fluid from the lymphatic system from the internal jugular vein.
What are external intercostal muscles?
The external intercostals are the more surface-level muscles in between the ribs which serve to elevate the rib cage and assist the lungs in expanding to take in air.
What two veins are responsible for draining the neck and superficial head?
The head and neck are emptied of blood by the internal and external jugular veins.
Where does internal mammary vein drain?
The internal thoracic vein (previously known as the internal mammary vein) arises from the superior epigastric vein. It drains the chest wall and breasts.
What is internal vertebral venous plexus?
The epidural (internal vertebral) venous plexus, which drains blood not only from the cord but also from bone and red bone marrow, consists of several anterior and posterior longitudinal and interconnecting vessels. At the level of the foramen magnum, it forms a dense network that communicates with vertebral veins.
Where does the right thoracic duct drain?
The thoracic duct continues superiorly to empty into the junction of the left subclavian and internal jugular veins. The right lymphatic duct drains the right side of the thorax, right upper extremity, and right side of the neck and head.
Where are the intercostal vessels?
The intercostal arteries are a group of arteries that supply the area between the ribs (“costae”), called the intercostal space.
What are intercostal nerves?
The intercostal nerves emerge from the somatic nervous system and aid in the contraction of muscles as well as provide sensory information from the skin and parietal pleura. The intercostal nerves arise from the anterior rami of the thoracic spinal nerves from T1 to T11.
Are intercostal nerves sympathetic or parasympathetic?
Intercostal nervesFromthoracic nerves (T1-T11)Innervatesintercostal muscleIdentifiersLatinnervi intercostales
What do intercostal nerves innervate?
The intercostal nerves supply innervation to the skin and musculature of the chest and abdominal walls. Although the nerves are traditionally believed to travel in the groove at the inferior aspect of the rib along with the intercostal arteries and veins, the nerves can also lie in between the ribs.
What drains into inferior vena cava?
The lumbar veins, as well as the left and right renal veins, empty into the inferior vena cava. The hepatic veins empty into the inferior vena cava prior to entering the right atrium.
Which general regions of the body are drained by the superior vena cava and the inferior vena cava?
These blood vessels carry oxygen-depleted blood from various regions of the body to the right atrium of the heart. The superior vena cava delivers blood from the head and chest area to the heart, while the inferior vena cava returns blood from the lower body regions to the heart.
Which of the following veins drains into the brachiocephalic vein except?
Brachiocephalic veinSourceInternal jugular subclavian superior intercostal vertebral inferior thyroidDrains toSuperior vena cavaArteryBrachiocephalic artery
What is venous drainage?
Venous drainage, anterior view. The systemic venous channels are further classified as superficial veins, deep veins, or venous sinuses. The superficial, or cutaneous, veins reside just beneath the surface of the skin. They channel blood from cutaneous tissues to deep veins via perforations in the deep fascia.
Which drains venous blood from the brain and delivers it to the internal jugular veins?
Sigmoid sinuses are also paired sinuses known for their S-shape sinus found in the base of the cranial fossa posteriorly. Left and right sigmoid sinuses collectively drain venous blood into the internal jugular vein, which exits at the jugular foramen.
Which veins drain blood from the cranial and orbital cavities?
Cavernous sinuses drain the blood from the orbits through the ophthalmic veins and from the anterior part of the base of the brain by the sphenoparietal sinus and the middle cerebral veins. They empty into both the superior and inferior petrosal sinuses and ultimately into the internal jugular veins.
